Boston, Massachusetts, US
Posts: 9
Originally posted by
abrahamlincoln2.0 on November 10, 2025 13:01
History does rhyme. Regardless of how many mistakes there are to learn from, there will always be similarities between the past and the present. During the Weimar Republic, there were many social issues that caused the fall of democracy. These included the outcome of World War I, political instability, the rise of antisemitism, and the prevalence of Avant Garde art. The outcome of the first war left Germany in ruins, with no singular ruler to lead their affairs. This ultimately caused political instability in the country and, with nobody to blame for their misfortunes, people began targeting the Jewish population to let out their anger. As a result of all of this, art movements formed to bring light to the atrocities happening in Germany.
Similarly, with Donald Trump serving as the president of the United States, a rise of tyrannical behavior has appeared. As a republican and conservative, Trump aims to remove all sense of foreign beings from the country. He promotes antisemitism towards immigrants, especially Hispanic immigrants, and encourages ICE raids as a way to remove them–a violent method that often subjects the victim to physical submission. He purposefully shines a negative light on them, blaming them for the United States’ decreasing power and rise in crime rates, to undermine his actions and make the deportations appear more just and reasonable. This blatant antisemitism has led to an increase of protests against Trump’s actions, with many of these movements including art and culture references from times such as the Weimar Republic. This relates back to the antisemitism during and after the Weimar Republic because Jewish people were the main target for German anger. After the democracy failed, Hitler further blamed them for Germany’s misfortunes, which ultimately led to the Holocaust where Jewish people were targeted and slaughtered in large masses.
Likewise, in Sudan, there is currently a civil war happening because of the political instability. After the president was deposed, a power struggle between the Sudanese army, SAF, and the Rapid Support Forces, RSF, caused millions of Sudanese people to be displaced. Since the war is still ongoing, it is reasonable to assume that once it finally concludes, not only will there have been mass casualties, but the political state of Sudan will be in even worse shape than it had been prior. From this, it is likely that antisemitism towards the losing group, people who supported SAF and people who supported RSF, will occur. Not only that, but because Sudan is a country with a relatively high poverty rate, they will also struggle to rebound economically, further digging them into a hole of political and economic instability.
Thus, despite the Weimar Republic having formed from the destruction of World War I, the reflections of it can still be seen in society today, especially when looking at the political instability and antisemitism aspects of it.
I agree with everything that was said in this response. One thing that really stood out to me was the connection to the situations in the US and the Weimar Republic to current day Sudan. I think that it's a really good example of something that bears resemblance to the Weimar Republic as it approached WWII, and this therefore does a great job of proving their point that history does rhyme. Another point that I agreed with was the correlation between Trump and Hitler, which I also discussed in my response. However, I think that this post did a better job of explaining it as they related the ICE raids to Hitler’s antisemitism, which provides the reader with further examples of how modern day US history can rhyme with the Weimar republic. Another thing that was interesting about this post was that they connected it back to some of the things we discussed in the project in their introductory paragraph. For example, they bring up the outcome of World War I, political instability, the rise of antisemitism, and the prevalence of Avant Garde art, which all really strengthen their point. In all, I think that this was a very good response that did a good job of explaining why history rhymes.
Boston, Massachusetts, US
Posts: 7
Originally posted by
purplegiraffe_15 on November 11, 2025 10:53
The Weimar Republic’s collapse and replacement with Nazi Germany provides a perspective into the fragility of democracy, which still echoes into the political environment of the US and its past. Although history doesn’t repeat itself without deviating, it certainly does rhyme. The Weimar Republic’s collapse can be attributed to its structure as a democracy and the Treaty of Versailles, which led to internal issues in the economy, morale, and political chaos. Germans truly believed that the government abandoned them, as the agreement to the treaty and handling of the economy only left the country in ruins. These sentiments steered the country into a radical form of antisemitism and genocide with the expanding fascist Nazi party in 1933. Policies such as proportional representation, which gave political parties influence in the Reichstrat based on their popularity, allowed the Nazi party to rise to power. As a result, Hitler overtook Parliament through appealing to extreme nationalism and promises to redeem Germany, reviving it as a great power once again through aggressive foreign expansion and changes to the economy. The failure of the democracy of the Weimar Republic led directly into Hitler’s totalitarian government as he overtook the government through public popularity. Hitler’s overtaking of Germany rhymes with the US’ Make America Great Again campaign, where Trump echoes hypernationalist messages and promises to elevate the country’s economy. He has reshaped the Republican party and conservatism, making it more radical and nationalistic. Both Nazi Germany and Trump have utilized conspiracy theories and promises for national restoration in order to gain increasing popularity. In the rise of popularity, both figures have gained abilities to exercise powers out of the reach of their position or titles. Trump has faced numerous legal challenges as a result of a lack of compliance with national law, such as abuse of executive orders. Hitler was also able to abuse executive orders and find loopholes around laws, allowing him to transform Germany into a dictatorship. Abuse of Article 48 in the Weimar Republic’s constitution normalized bypassing the legislative process. The article allowed presidents unlimited executive power if they deemed a situation in the country as a national emergency. Hitler was able to utilize this flaw in the constitution to convince the president to place Germany in a state of constant emergency, setting the stage for his rise to power as he could freely persecute political opponents. Trump has a disturbing similarity to Hitler in this aspect, as he has selectively removed political officials from office without the standard “due process”.
I agree with this perspective. I think that the fragility of democracy is very clear during the Weimar years, and the German public felt they had been abandoned. I also agree that hypernationalism is an issue in America today, and connects to how Hitler took control of Germany through emphasizing the fear of the German people. Hitler utilized the national threat caused by his own party to take control of the government, and he was able to abuse executive orders, similar to what we see in America today. I think your most relevant points are the parallels between modern America and hitlers germany, and how we see similar connections to the formation of the nazi party during the Weimar years. I made similar points in the parallels, but also highlighted the last few decades of foreign policy in America, and how the fear of immigrants and outside groups has been emphasized by various administrations, with far right groups wanting to expel those they deem different, because they think that they threaten their jobs and safety.
Boston, Massachusetts , US
Posts: 9
Originally posted by
987654321 on November 11, 2025 20:56
History does rhyme. The saying that history repeats itself isn’t true, but it does have rhythm due to having some similarities. It is difficult for history to repeat itself because society learns from prior mistakes. These earlier tragedies and collapse of nations act as warnings for the present day. Between the Weimar Republic and the present day today, both experienced instability through inflation and unemployment. The Weimar Republic had to pay back reparations due to the damages of World War I which caused inflation to rise for society’s everyday life and unemployment rose. This difficult aspect of the Weimar Republic compares to our present day because of the Covid pandemic. Despite the pandemic ending recently, the US still faces inflation. Germany between 1919 and 1933 also felt the need for an authoritarian style of government with a strong leader and an overall strong sense of national pride. In the present day now, in a time of tension and opposing views going against each other, there is sometimes a stronger sense of nationalism. In the University of Essex blog, “The ghosts of Weimar: is Weimar Germany a warning from history,” it discusses the key differences between Weimar Germany and present day. It talks about how after the devastation of the war, Germany introduced a completely new political system of democracy. The blog makes a good point that in this case, Weimar Germany is very different from present day governing. Another point brought up in the article, “Weimar America,” brings up the fact that America has the largest economy and recovered from the Great Recession and has an extremely strong military and this was something Weimar didn’t have during its time. It was extremely difficult for their economy to recover, even with attempts to recover and fight inflation with the Dawes Plan. The Treaty of Versailles hurt Germany badly and they lost large amounts of money and important resources. Others attempt to make the direct correlation between society today and Germany between 1919 and 1933 because learning about the instability, tension, and constant fear in Weimar Germany can be seen as similar to today with tensions growing and some have fears about the future of society of today because of political figures and government.
I agree with this person. I agree that history does not repeat itself and instead it rhymes. I agree because ideas like political tension, and economic instability are appearing both in history adn in today's world, however they are not the exact same. I agree especially when the student talks about political polarization in today's world because it emphasizes how close we are to being at a similar point as times in history, but also not being at that point. My own perspective of the topic is similar in regards to the strength in today's US economy versus the severe instability especially in the post war world. I think that this person could use specific examples of what today's world is like versus in history. For example using examples from the Holocaust and today's scenarios in order to create a greater argument that can be backed up. I think this person has good ideas about both today's world and history and is able to compare and contrast the two. I think this person's idea is uniquely compelling because they talk about human perspectives in both history and today, discussing “fear” is really significant because it shows the personal connection to war that is important to discuss.
Boston, Massachussets, US
Posts: 8
Reflection on the failure of the Wiemar Republic feedback
Originally posted by
bigdah7 on November 10, 2025 11:22
I feel that history does rhyme sometimes, there are often events that seem like history repeats itself but often with different words, so to speak. For example we can see examples of rhyming in genocides, such as the Holocaust being inspired by the Armenian genocide. There are examples of wars such as the second Gulf War, similar to the partition of China in the 1800s. Many countries supported the invasion because of its immense resources, as Iraq had much oil, and Iraq could threaten Saudi Arabia, the largest producer of oil in the world. In general I hope history doesn’t repeat itself, but it is very possible that it could repeat or rhyme.
There are many different rhymes to explore between the US today and the Weimar republic. Specifically, the immense political chaos. America has never been the country with the most political violence, specifically on politicians in positions of power. For example, in my lifetime, there has never been an attempt on the life of the president, or one that was very close to succeeding, but in the last year there has been two, along with the killing of a member of the House of Representatives, for their views. And the killing of people for their opinions seems to have been the norm. The same occurred in Weimar Germany. I wrote about how much political violence occurred, the starving people often resorted to violence to enact change. In my visual essay, I wrote about how there were a number of coalitions and parties split on many lines, leading to much division in the Republic, very similar to today. In the US today there are two main parties in the, and the country seems fractured on party lines. Finally, there was the scapegoating of Jewish people which people used to blame the condition of Germany after WW1. There was so much antisemitism in Germany that many Jews left for their own safety.The US also has a scapegoat for the state of the country, immigrants. They are blamed for taking the jobs of Americans, and making the economy worse. The US in general blames minorities for the current condition of the country. Finally there is also very prevalent antisemitism because of controversy with the state of Israel and their actions.
I thought that the writers most compelling idea was that history does rhyme sometimes. I thought that the writers point was important because they went over the specific examples of how history does rhyme sometimes with examples from the Armenian genocide inspiring the Holocaust which was one of the worst and important movements to ever happen ever. What happened in the Holocaust and the actions taken by Hitler along with his other followers directly stem from the same ideas that were had during the Armenian Genocide. The writer also gave the example of the Gulf war stemming off of the ideas of the Partition in China in the 1800s which was also a very detrimental moments in history. I thought that many of the other posts including my own agreed with the fact that history continues to repeat itself over time. I believe that this comes from the fact that we are all humans and look for guidance in the actions that others take in both good and bad ways. I believe that my overall views of the topic are very similar to the writer of this piece in many different ways. From agreeing with the fact that history does repeat itself in many different ways to How the US today is not the same as the Weimar Republic, and could never develop into something like that although there are some similarities.
South Boston, Massachusetts, US
Posts: 8
Originally posted by
perfectbug on November 12, 2025 12:37
Yes, the quote “history repeats itself” does have some truth to it. Obviously, there will not be the same event happening, but ideas are based on history, which recur. For example, the term fascism was invented after a fascist movement happened, but the term has evolved based on what happens throughout the world, which expands the meaning of the word. When this happens, it makes it feel as though history is repeating itself, even when it is not directly repeating itself. Additionally, the world is constantly changing and growing: technology expands human nature, which all leads to repetition in ways that are repeated throughout history. The first connection that I think of between the modern-day United States and the Weimar Republic is the hyperinflation that both faced. Over the decade, inflation has been the talk of the news in the USA. With COVID-19 taking over the world, gas prices and other goods have skyrocketed in value. This is extremely similar to the Weimar Republic, as they faced mass hyperinflation. The Weimar Republic government printed out an abundance of money, which drove the value of each piece of money up. Additionally, there was a mass antisemitism movement in Germany, which is similar to how the USA has many minorities that suffer from racism, classism, sexism, or any other hate reason. These are historical rhymes, even though they are not the same, and obviously, there are different causes. This is history repeating itself because of the awful things that happened to both the U.S. and the Weimar Republic weakened. When a horrid thing occurs in history, the stage is set for a similar horrid thing to happen again. I think of it as humans with rational minds. When a human watches a miracle happen, such as a massive underdog winning a huge game, it gives that human a sense of hope and belief in a recurrence that will only happen when it has happened previously. Going back to history, when a revolt happens, humans believe it could happen again, and governments gain a platform to make horrid decisions that hurt millions.
I agree with this person's post, it made similar points that I had made in my post about how rhyming does not mean repeating but it does mean that similar things are happening which this person says. And I also agree the word Fascist has evolved since the Weimar society. Technology does expand human nature, especially we see this with social media. I didn’t even think of relating this to Covid 19 but I understand what they are saying with all of the inflation but I also think this example relates to 2025 not just 2020. I also think you could relate how the racism stemmed from covid 19 based on lies spread about where the disease stemmed from that really took flight in the media and relate that back to how the Jewish people were persecuted due to false ideas spread and how that people believe that one race was the reason for all of the problems like ideas that were spread during Covid 19. This person also really only described the weimar society they should have related it more to today or another time period that relates to the hate factor of society of the time they could use more direct examples.
Allston, Massachusetts, US
Posts: 7
Originally posted by
bigdah7 on November 10, 2025 11:22
I feel that history does rhyme sometimes, there are often events that seem like history repeats itself but often with different words, so to speak. For example we can see examples of rhyming in genocides, such as the Holocaust being inspired by the Armenian genocide. There are examples of wars such as the second Gulf War, similar to the partition of China in the 1800s. Many countries supported the invasion because of its immense resources, as Iraq had much oil, and Iraq could threaten Saudi Arabia, the largest producer of oil in the world. In general I hope history doesn’t repeat itself, but it is very possible that it could repeat or rhyme.
There are many different rhymes to explore between the US today and the Weimar republic. Specifically, the immense political chaos. America has never been the country with the most political violence, specifically on politicians in positions of power. For example, in my lifetime, there has never been an attempt on the life of the president, or one that was very close to succeeding, but in the last year there has been two, along with the killing of a member of the House of Representatives, for their views. And the killing of people for their opinions seems to have been the norm. The same occurred in Weimar Germany. I wrote about how much political violence occurred, the starving people often resorted to violence to enact change. In my visual essay, I wrote about how there were a number of coalitions and parties split on many lines, leading to much division in the Republic, very similar to today. In the US today there are two main parties in the, and the country seems fractured on party lines. Finally, there was the scapegoating of Jewish people which people used to blame the condition of Germany after WW1. There was so much antisemitism in Germany that many Jews left for their own safety.The US also has a scapegoat for the state of the country, immigrants. They are blamed for taking the jobs of Americans, and making the economy worse. The US in general blames minorities for the current condition of the country. Finally there is also very prevalent antisemitism because of controversy with the state of Israel and their actions.
Post your response here.
My peers ideas are very good and I strongly agree with the points they made, I agree that history does rhyme and theres a lot of patterns in human behaviors and how we react to opinions that contradict our own. They gave multiple good examples such as the armernian genocide, the Gulf war, china, iraq, and similarities to how Americans deal with politicians. I agree with their second point about how the US and the Weimar period are similar because of the political chaos and the civilians rebellions against the government for abuse of power. Contrary to their response, I wrote about how it's unfair to compare the US and the Weimar period since the Weimar period was significantly more devastating and had reached rock bottom. While I noted that the US might be going down a similar path because of the political instability and divide between groups because of political ideology. However, I still agree with my peer that both countries use ethnic or religious groups as scape goats and that there is a political divide and internal turmoil. I think overall this was a very good perspective of whether Weimar period and the US rhymes or not and they made several good points and connections about the similarities of how people act on their urges to get what they want politically.
Boston, Massachusetts, US
Posts: 9
I believe history does Rhyme, and it is evident today that patterns continue throughout history. The chaos of the political atmosphere of Weimar that caused its collapse were highlighted by key events. The Economic Crisis that left many unemployed and in poverty prompted a rise in distrust within The Republic of Weimar, and Political Extremism that utilized the public's frustration to mobilize its control over the state of Germany. Hyperinflation coupled with the Global Great Depression and the Treaty Versailles, left Germany in a state of ruin. Germany had been blamed for the result and cause of World War 1. The Treaty of Versailles ended the war and placed debt reparations on Germany. The state had been forced to pay back billions of dollars while also trying to revive itself. Civilians were frustrated and lost confidence in the Republic's leaders. The Nazi’s capitalized on mass frustration by promising jobs, national revival, and an end to political chaos. At the same time, growing political extremism made democratic compromise nearly impossible. By 1932, the Reichstag was paralyzed by extremists who rejected the democratic system itself. Thus, the combination of severe hyperinflation and rising polarization created a storm of instability which inevitably cleared the path for Hitlers Rule in 1933. Like Hitlers rise to power, there seems to be many similarities to Trump's rise to power. In the present day, grocery prices, and the cost of living seem to continue to rise. Trump used lies to mobilize his efforts and popularity over the population, prompting the MAGA movement. His promises to lower inflation and back the people is what he used to manipulate the popular vote to become president of the United States. The act of not being transparent and using the frustration of the public to appeal to their needs resembles the Nazi’s attempts to mobilize its control through appealing and manipulating the needs of the people. The MAGA movement became nationalist movement tied with christian nationalist that continue to make efforts in government that are radical. Like the Weimar Republic, Trump targets specific ethnic groups in the U.S, mobilizes it’s efforts to control public interest, and promises to resolve problems that continue to go unresolved.
Boston, Massachusetts, US
Posts: 9
Originally posted by
pinkbluegreen on November 16, 2025 18:58
Originally posted by
bigdah7 on November 10, 2025 11:22
I feel that history does rhyme sometimes, there are often events that seem like history repeats itself but often with different words, so to speak. For example we can see examples of rhyming in genocides, such as the Holocaust being inspired by the Armenian genocide. There are examples of wars such as the second Gulf War, similar to the partition of China in the 1800s. Many countries supported the invasion because of its immense resources, as Iraq had much oil, and Iraq could threaten Saudi Arabia, the largest producer of oil in the world. In general I hope history doesn’t repeat itself, but it is very possible that it could repeat or rhyme.
There are many different rhymes to explore between the US today and the Weimar republic. Specifically, the immense political chaos. America has never been the country with the most political violence, specifically on politicians in positions of power. For example, in my lifetime, there has never been an attempt on the life of the president, or one that was very close to succeeding, but in the last year there has been two, along with the killing of a member of the House of Representatives, for their views. And the killing of people for their opinions seems to have been the norm. The same occurred in Weimar Germany. I wrote about how much political violence occurred, the starving people often resorted to violence to enact change. In my visual essay, I wrote about how there were a number of coalitions and parties split on many lines, leading to much division in the Republic, very similar to today. In the US today there are two main parties in the, and the country seems fractured on party lines. Finally, there was the scapegoating of Jewish people which people used to blame the condition of Germany after WW1. There was so much antisemitism in Germany that many Jews left for their own safety.The US also has a scapegoat for the state of the country, immigrants. They are blamed for taking the jobs of Americans, and making the economy worse. The US in general blames minorities for the current condition of the country. Finally there is also very prevalent antisemitism because of controversy with the state of Israel and their actions.
Post your response here.
My peers ideas are very good and I strongly agree with the points they made, I agree that history does rhyme and theres a lot of patterns in human behaviors and how we react to opinions that contradict our own. They gave multiple good examples such as the armernian genocide, the Gulf war, china, iraq, and similarities to how Americans deal with politicians. I agree with their second point about how the US and the Weimar period are similar because of the political chaos and the civilians rebellions against the government for abuse of power. Contrary to their response, I wrote about how it's unfair to compare the US and the Weimar period since the Weimar period was significantly more devastating and had reached rock bottom. While I noted that the US might be going down a similar path because of the political instability and divide between groups because of political ideology. However, I still agree with my peer that both countries use ethnic or religious groups as scape goats and that there is a political divide and internal turmoil. I think overall this was a very good perspective of whether Weimar period and the US rhymes or not and they made several good points and connections about the similarities of how people act on their urges to get what they want politically.
Post your response here.
Boston, Massachusetts, US
Posts: 9
Originally posted by
pinkbluegreen on November 16, 2025 18:58
Originally posted by
bigdah7 on November 10, 2025 11:22
I feel that history does rhyme sometimes, there are often events that seem like history repeats itself but often with different words, so to speak. For example we can see examples of rhyming in genocides, such as the Holocaust being inspired by the Armenian genocide. There are examples of wars such as the second Gulf War, similar to the partition of China in the 1800s. Many countries supported the invasion because of its immense resources, as Iraq had much oil, and Iraq could threaten Saudi Arabia, the largest producer of oil in the world. In general I hope history doesn’t repeat itself, but it is very possible that it could repeat or rhyme.
There are many different rhymes to explore between the US today and the Weimar republic. Specifically, the immense political chaos. America has never been the country with the most political violence, specifically on politicians in positions of power. For example, in my lifetime, there has never been an attempt on the life of the president, or one that was very close to succeeding, but in the last year there has been two, along with the killing of a member of the House of Representatives, for their views. And the killing of people for their opinions seems to have been the norm. The same occurred in Weimar Germany. I wrote about how much political violence occurred, the starving people often resorted to violence to enact change. In my visual essay, I wrote about how there were a number of coalitions and parties split on many lines, leading to much division in the Republic, very similar to today. In the US today there are two main parties in the, and the country seems fractured on party lines. Finally, there was the scapegoating of Jewish people which people used to blame the condition of Germany after WW1. There was so much antisemitism in Germany that many Jews left for their own safety.The US also has a scapegoat for the state of the country, immigrants. They are blamed for taking the jobs of Americans, and making the economy worse. The US in general blames minorities for the current condition of the country. Finally there is also very prevalent antisemitism because of controversy with the state of Israel and their actions.
Post your response here.
My peers ideas are very good and I strongly agree with the points they made, I agree that history does rhyme and theres a lot of patterns in human behaviors and how we react to opinions that contradict our own. They gave multiple good examples such as the armernian genocide, the Gulf war, china, iraq, and similarities to how Americans deal with politicians. I agree with their second point about how the US and the Weimar period are similar because of the political chaos and the civilians rebellions against the government for abuse of power. Contrary to their response, I wrote about how it's unfair to compare the US and the Weimar period since the Weimar period was significantly more devastating and had reached rock bottom. While I noted that the US might be going down a similar path because of the political instability and divide between groups because of political ideology. However, I still agree with my peer that both countries use ethnic or religious groups as scape goats and that there is a political divide and internal turmoil. I think overall this was a very good perspective of whether Weimar period and the US rhymes or not and they made several good points and connections about the similarities of how people act on their urges to get what they want politically.
I agree with the ideas in this post. Many times in history, it has been seen to repeat patterns that lead to the collapse of a political entity or state. The most common theme is currency. When the value of currency depletes in a country, the economy is pushed into an economic downturn, leading to sequential problems. It’s like a cause and effect relationship and/or Rhyme scheme that occurs in history. Oftentimes, the people situated at the lowest level within the economy and the social hierarchy receive the most impact from these patterns. I agree that when currency devalues over time from inflation and other external factors, more people are driven into poverty and unemployment. They are faced with having to bear the reality of starvation and homelessness. My peer here highlights how these factors contribute to social hysteria within society. They highlight how a desire to break free from these issues became a tool that Nazi leaders used to rise to power. Distrust in the government prompted a notion that a new government or leader was needed to protect the rights of the people, and revive German dignity. While promises that sought to bring German dignity back, end the effects of the Global Depression, and aid the people were made, the complete opposite had occurred.
West Roxbury, Massachusetts, US
Posts: 9
History doesn't repeat itself in everything, but it does, in fact, rhyme. While no two historical events in the past are completely identical, there are parts of each of them that are similar to the other. The things that rhyme include human behaviours, forces, and reasons for doing something. We can see in our present-day life, there are similarities to historical events from the past; a lot of what we know influences how we act today. The Weimar Republic in Germany between 1919 and 1933 is a good example of how history is not the same, but it rhymes with our present-day events. Particularly, in the United States, it rhymes with the increasing political conflict and the public confidence. We also see regular human problems that happened in the past still happening today. People get greedy and get power hungry, which was also seen in the past. The government being shut down is similar to problems with the Weimar Republic. The political conflict was large in both, and they couldn't agree on things, creating an ineffective government. Today's wage gaps relate to Weimar's inflation and the widespread economic instability. In Germany, they would blame everything bad that was happening on Jews because it was easy for them, even when it was never their fault, for the things that were happening. Today, there is a large issue with the Immigration and Customs Enforcement, where they believe that every immigrant doesn't have the right to be in this country and are kicking them out. In both times, it is evident that there is still a need to put the blame on people who don't deserve it. It directs public anger away from the main cause of the issue. When people are ignored, they become vulnerable to movements that offer simple enemies, like Hitler's movement.